Total and subcellular Ti distribution and detoxification processes in Pontoporia blainvillei and Steno bredanensis dolphins from Southeastern Brazil
2020
Monteiro, Fernanda | Lemos, Leila S. | de Moura, Jailson Fulgêncio | Rocha, Rafael Christian Chávez | Moreira, Isabel | Di Beneditto, Ana Paula M. | Kehrig, Helena A. | Bordon, Isabella C. | Siciliano, Salvatore | Saint'Pierre, Tatiana D. | Hauser-Davis, Rachel Ann
Titanium (Ti), used in many dailyuse products, such as shampoos and sunscreen filters, in the form of TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs), may elicit adverse marine biota effects. Marine mammal Ti data is scarce, and subcellular distribution and detoxification information is non-existent. Ti concentrations and metalloprotein detoxification in Pontoporia blainvillei and Steno bredanensis dolphins from Southeastern Brazil were assessed. Metallothionein (MT) concentrations were determined spectrophotometrically, total and subcellular Ti, by ICP-MS and detoxification, by HPLC-ICP-MS. Ti detoxification occurred through MT complexation. Statistical Ti-MT associations were observed in S. bredanensis liver, indicating TiO₂ NPs contamination, as Ti binds to MT only as NPs. MT-Ti correlations were observed for both the coastal (P. blainvillei) and offshore (S. bredanensis) dolphins, evidencing oceanic TiO₂ diffusion. Ti detoxification through binding to reduced glutathione occurred in both species. Thermostable subcellular fractions are a valuable tool for cetacean Ti detoxification assessments and should be applied to conservation efforts.
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