Efecto de las condiciones pluviometricas en trigo en sistemas de produccion alternativos en un Ultisol de la IX Region, Chile | Effects of pluviometric conditions in wheat within alternative cropping systems in an Ultisol, IX Region, Chile
2002
Pino, I. | Rouanet, J.L. | Parada, A.M. | Nario, A.
In Region IX of Chile, the continuous use of soils and the increase in the use of N fertilizers in annual crops have been considered by farmers as a way to improve crop production and crop quality. To assess the effect of annual rainfall on different phenological stages of wheat, three systems of soil management in two crop seasons were evaluated. Agronomic and isotopic parameters were measured. The management systems were a) turning the soil over and burning residues (TRAD), b) no tillage and burning residues (CL+Q), and c) no tillage and surface handling of residues, which is considered the most effective conservation and soil management, only recently used by farmers. Macro plots with commercial urea fertilizer and micro plots with labeled fertilizer, urea, 10 atoms excess (at. exc.) 15N were used. For each management system, completely random blocks with four replications per treatment were used. Although significant differences in rainfall were measured among seasons, no large differences were identified, in neither agronomic nor isotopic parameters; this is attributed to the cultivar's stability. The results of two seasons show that a) the tillage system affected the recovery efficiency in wheat, b) the crop residues might represent an important source of nitrogen recovery, and c) the choice of any tillage system has to consider economic factors.
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