Trace element needs in human pregnancy
1988
Zinc, copper, manganese, selenium, and chromium uptake and transfer in human fetal growth is reviewed. The author draws the following conclusions regarding trace element uptake and transfer by the fetus to be as follows: low dietary intakes of trace elements are not a problem in most Western developed countries; there appears to be increased maternal absorption from the gastrointestinal tract in human pregnancy; normal full-term infants have no difficulty in obtaining sufficient trace elements in their body; placental transfer of nutrients from mother to fetus appears to be adequate for the fetus, and factors directing blood flow away from the feto-placental unit, such as smoking or heavy exercise, may adversely affect trace element supply to the fetus.
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