Alcohol, tobacco, and hypertension
1982
Various epidemiologic studies which are reviewed were concerned with the possible influences of high alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking on hypertension. While a number of studies indicated a correlation between excessive alcohol consumption and elevated blood pressure (BP), 1 study of about 87,000 people concluded that the alcohol-BP association could not be attributed to demographic factors, adiposity, salt intake, smoking, coffee consumption, or under-reported alcoholic drinking. The results of this latter study, which are discussed, suggest that about 5% of hypertension incidence may be due to the ingestion of 3 or more alcoholic drinks per day. While alcohol intake correlates positively with hypertension, coronary heary disease correlates negatively to alcohol intake. Smokers have a similar or slightly lower BP than non-smokers, but the possible effect of lower body weights of smokers on BP is not well established. (wz)
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