Biodegradation of phenol using hairy roots of Helianthus annuus L
2013
Jha, Pamela | Jobby, Renitta | Kudale, Subhash | Modi, Nikita | Dhaneshwar, Arohi | Desai, Neetin
Phenol is a common pollutant which is found in wastewater of many industries and removal of phenol from the industrial effluents is a major challenge. Recently, the use of hairy roots has been probed for the removal of phenol. In the present study, phenol at various concentrations (100–500 mg L−1) was treated with hairy roots of Helianthus annuus (sunflower hairy roots, SHRs). SHRs removed 100 mg L−1 of phenol after 144 h of incubation. The effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG), l-proline and d-glucose on the rate of phenol removal was also studied. l-proline enhanced the removal efficiency of SHRs resulting in the removal of 100 mg L−1 of phenol after 24 h while PEG did not show any effect on removal. Peroxidase activity was induced after 24 h of phenol addition. Phenol metabolism to generate catechol as a major metabolite was confirmed using HPLC and GC–MS analyses. The detection of small amounts of cis-cis muconic acid and fumaric acid in the reaction medium suggests that these metabolites are produced from the ring cleavage of catechol. The phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity results suggest the non-toxic nature of the resulting phenol metabolites.
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