Agricultural Labour Migration: Causes and Implications
2011
Wani, M.H. | Shahid, Yousuf | Baba, S.H. | Wani, S.A.
The paper has analyzed the migration pattern of agricultural labourers with associated implications by surveying the available literature. Studies have shown that job-providing capacity of agriculture has almost become saturated and real agricultural wages have not kept pace with wage rates of labour in the non-farm sector. On the other hand, rural labour and youth in particular have greater propensity to migrate which has been observed to accentuate with higher education levels, farm mechanization, improved communication system, road network, new economic opportunities arising from urbanization as well as the changing market context as economies become more globalized and liberalized. Higher extent of male migration has led to feminization and ageing/graying of farm sector as more women and elderly people are taking care of their farms in the absence of young men. The women have to take care of not only agricultural but household activities also which has increase their burden and physical drudgery. On the basis of available evidence and their subsequent evaluation, some policy suggestions have been made; these include rationalization of labour-use, mechanization with location-specific farm equipments, and capacity building of available labour with appropriate trainings. In addition farm-nonfarm linkages need to be developed to ensure livelihood security of labour in agriculture.
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