Influence of bermudagrass leaf extracts on development and survivorship of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae
1988
Quisenberry, S.S. | Caballero, P. | Smith, C.M.
Dried bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., leaves from vars. 'Grazer', 'Coastal', and 'Tifton 292' and strain OSU 71 x 6-7 were extracted with a series of solvents of increasing polarity. Individual leaf extracts were incorporated in a modified pinto bean diet and fed to fall armyworms, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), larvae. High mortality occurred when larvae consumed artificial diets containing petroleum ether leaf extracts of all grasses (100% mortality for OSU 71 x 6-7, 'Coastal', and 'Tifton 292'; 60% mortality for 'Grazer'). Mortality of larvae fed diets containing dichloromethane leaf extracts was also high (71, 87, and 100% for OSU 71 x 6-7, 'Coastal', and 'Tifton 292', respectively; 37% mortality for'Grazer'). 'Grazer' nonpolar leaf extracts (petroleum ether and dichloromethane), which caused the least insect mortality, had less than half as much extractable material in the combined nonpolar extracts as did any of the other bermudagrasses. Mortality on diets supplemented with methanol extracts was greater in the susceptible 'Grazer' (66%) than in the intermediately resistant (33 and 3% for 'Coastal' and 'Tifton 292', respectively) and resistant (49% for OSU 71 x 6-7) bermudagrasses. There was little difference in mortality among larvae fed water extracts of the various grasses.
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