Phytoconstituents from Gelidiella acerosa induce apoptosis by regulating Bax, Bcl2 expression in A549 cells
2020
Fazeela Mahaboob Begum, S.M. | Hemalatha, S.
Phytoconstituents play an important role in human health. They are used in the management of various diseases including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular, obesity and Alzheimer's. The current study aims to isolate, characterize the phytoconstituents from marine algae Gelidiella acerosa and to determine its anticancer activity under in vitro conditions. The algae was subjected to sequential extraction with solvents like hexane, dichloro methane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol and water. The extracts were analyzed for their phytochemical composition and antiproliferative activity by MTT assay in A549 cells. Among the extracts analyzed, the ethyl acetate extract inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells was selected. Among the four fractions obtained, fraction 1 was analyzed by GC-MS to identify its constituents, evaluated for its anticancer efficiency in A549 cell line by MTT assay, and investigated for the expression of apoptotic biomarkers: Bax, Bcl2, Bcl-XL, Caspase3 and Caspase 8 by Real Time-PCR. The results of GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 1,2 benzene dicarboxylic acid, mono 2 ethylhexyl ester, 10- octadecanoic acid methyl ester, 1- heneicosyl formate, eicosene, 3- octadecane, 9-octadecanoic acid and 12- hydroxyl methyl ester. The outcomes of anticancer activity showed that the fraction 1 inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells (IC50 15 μg/ml) by inducing cytotoxicity. The results of Real Time PCR showed the activation of Caspase 3 and variation in Bax: Bcl2 ratio indicating the induction of apoptosis by fraction1. These results showed that fraction1 has significant anticancer activity and can be utilized for the development of novel drugs for cancer.
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