Association of elevated palmitate with agronomic and seed traits of soybean
2002
Hayes, M.F. | Fehr, W.R. | Welke, G.A.
A soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil containing an elevated content of saturated fatty esters can be used to produce a plastic fat at room temperature without hydrogenation. Soybean genotypes with 400 g kg(-1) palmitate in their seed oil have been developed by combining mutant alleles for elevated palmitate. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of developing cultivars with 400 g kg(-1) palmitate that would have agronomic and seed traits comparable to cultivars with less palmitate. Comparisons were made in replicated tests at three locations in Iowa during 2000 between 27 random BC1F(2:4) lines with approximately equal to 400 g kg(-1) palmitate (400P lines) and 27 lines with approximately equal to 260 g kg(-1) (260P lines) from each of three populations. Seedling emergence averaged 23% less in the 400P lines than the 260P lines across the three populations. Mean seed yields adjusted for plant density by covariate analysis averaged 814 g kg(-1) less for the 400P lines than the 260P lines. None of the 400P lines yielded as much as any of the 260P lines in the three populations. The 400P lines had significantly less plant height by 9 cm, smaller seed size by 15 mg seed(-1), greater protein by 9 g kg(-1), and lower oil by 16 g kg(-1), oleate by 39 g kg(-1), and linoleate by 80 g kg(-1) than the 260P lines averaged across the three populations. Mean differences between the 400P and 260P lines were not consistently significant across the three populations for lodging score, stearate, or linolenate. With the mutant alleles involved in this study, it is not likely that soybean cultivars with 400 g kg(-1) palmitate could be developed that had comparable seed yield and oil content to cultivars with less palmitate.
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