Use of industrial composts for the degradative disposal of pesticides
2022
Kozlov, Grigoriĭ | Alekseev, Elisey | Chermenskaya, Taisiya
Destruction of pesticides using municipal solid waste (MSW) composting is one of the only rational uses for such waste. Voluminous production of compost featuring high heavy-metal-content, and negative costs of such material, make it possible to inexpensively implement certain large-scale processes at minimal cost. One of these is bioremediation of pesticides which, for various reasons (banned, expired, fall in demand, loss of activity, etc.), cannot be used as intended. An important aspect, however, is that not all pesticides are successfully degraded using MSW industrial compost. Mandatory checks are necessary to ensure that methods are effective for each active substance present in the materials undergoing remediation or destruction. This paper presents research results on the degradation of thiamethoxam, clothianidin, fludioxonil, and E-azoxystrobin using industrial composts produced at the ‘SPbGUP MPBO-2’ waste facility (Yanino region, St. Petersburg, Russia). It was shown that the compost contains microorganisms previously described in the literature as degraders of one or more of the pesticides analyzed. These include fungi of the genera Cladosporium and Phanerochaete. A number of degradative bacteria are also present, such as: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; Bacillus subtilis and another Bacillus spp.; Pseudomonas; Achromobacter; Mesorhizobium; Microbacterium; and Pseudoxanthomonas. Degradation of thiamethoxam and clothianidin in compost was shown. A resistance to degradation, however, was noted with fludioxonil and E-azoxystrobin.
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