Revisión: E1 polimorfismo del gen de la caseina αs1 caprina y su efecto sobre la producción, la composición y las propiedades tecnológicas de la leche y sobre la fabricación y la maduración del queso
1998
Trujillo, A.J. | Jordana, J. | Guamis, B. | Serradilla, J.M. | Amills, M.
The caprine α ₛ₁-casein gene displays a high degree of polymorphism, with eight different protein variants described up to date. The rate of synthesis of the mature protein is closely linked to the caprine αₛ₁-casein genotype. There are three variants which are associated to high αₛ₁-casein content in milk (A, B, and C), one to an intermediate content (E), three to a low content (D, F, and G) and one to a null content (O). During the last few years studies of goat milk protein polymorphism have gained renewed interest, as the ocurrence of certain milk protein genetic variants is correlated with the composititon of milk and also with some milk processing parameters. For instance, analyses of the physicochemical properties of milk from goats homozy gous for the three main α ₛ₁-casein alleles (A, E, F) confirm the effects of the genotypes on the percentage of casein and fat, and shows significant effects on the diameter of the micelles and their calcium content. These characteristics seem to be associated with enhanced clotting of goat milk, cheese curd firmness, curd syneresis and overall cheese yield. The caprine αₛ₁-casein gene constitutes a very attractive model for studying the regulation of the expression of the corresponding protein, and might also become a very powerful tool in improving the technolog ical properties of goat milk.
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