Influence of aromatic components from pig manure on odour and flavour of cooked chicken meat

An experiment with 96 broilers distributed across six treatments was carried out. Each treatment consisted of four cages each with four broilers. The six treatments were: the control (treatment 1), broilers placed in cages with a welded wire bottom hanging over smelling pig manure (treatment 2), or placed on a pig manure mat (treatment 3), combined with two intervals, i.e. 1 week (group a) and 2 weeks (group b) before slaughter. The content of skatole in the abdominal fat was measured, and the odour and flavor impressions after cooking were evaluated by a taste panel. The treatments were compared with two control treatments: broilers produced traditionally in cages either without (treatment 1a) or with (treatment 1b) contact with their own manure for a fortnight. A higher skatole level in abdominal fat of broilers in physical contact with pig manure (treatment 3) was measured, compared with broilers without physical contact with pig manure for at least 1 week (treatments 1 and 2) (p < 0.05). The consumer taste panel evaluation was not affected by the fact that the broilers had been lying on pig manure. However, the evaluation of the odour of the cooked meat, when opening the cooking bag, was to some extent negatively affected by the experimental treatments of broilers, which had physical contact with the pig manure (p < 0.05). Furthermore, physical contact with the manure, regardless of whether it was broiler or pig manure, proved to affect the odour of the meat (p < 0.01). For broilers placed in cages without physical contact with the pig manure (treatments 2a and 2), the smell had no negative influence on either the odour or on the flavour of the meat, and the content of skatole was not different from that of the broilers on the control treatment. A taste panel evaluation performed on four broilers of the treatments for 1a, 2b, and 3b showed no flavour differences among treatments. Whether the broilers had been exposed to a given treatment for 1 or 2 weeks made no difference, either to the skatole concentration or to the odour or flavour impression of the newly cooked chicken meat.