Subsurface Band Placement of Pelletized Poultry Litter in Cotton
2016
Adeli, Ardeshir | McCarty, Jack C. | Read, John J. | Willers, Jeffrey L. | Feng, Gary | Jenkins, Johnie N.
Alternative management of broiler chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) litter in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production is needed to enhance soil fertility, crop nutrient utilization, and lint yield. This 4-yr study compared the growth, lint yield, and soil quality in cotton production systems fertilized with pelletized poultry litter (PPL) subsurface band applied at the rate of 6.7 Mg ha–¹ (≈122 kg available N ha–¹), inorganic N fertilizer (urea ammonium nitrate, UAN solution) injected at the recommended rate of 128 kg N ha–¹, and unfertilized control. Drip irrigation was used as main plot, flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum was broadcast applied and used as subplot, and fertilization treatment was used as sub-subplot (2 × 2 × 3). Although leaf chlorophyll content, leaf area index and total aboveground biomass were lower (P < 0.05) with PPL than inorganic N, lint yield did not differ between these treatments in 2010 and 2011. However, lint yield was greater in PPL than inorganic N fertilizer treatment by approximately 6% in 2012 and 21% in 2013. Averaged across years, lint yield was 5% greater with PPL than inorganic N fertilizer (1378 vs. 1303 kg ha–¹). Cotton lint yield was not influenced by FGD gypsum or irrigation. Applying PPL significantly enhanced soil fertility, improved soil aggregate stability, minimized postharvest residual NO₃–N concentration in the soil profile and may provide growers with an alternative nutrient management strategy for cotton.
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