Maternal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and pregnancy outcomes: a meta-analysis
2015
Zhu, Xiaoxia | Liu, Ying | Chen, Yanyan | Yao, Cijiang | Che, Zhen | Cao, Jiyu
A growing body of evidence has investigated the association between maternal exposure to PM₂.₅(particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter 2.5 μm) during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the results of those studies are not consistent. To synthetically quantify the relationship between maternal exposure to PM₂.₅during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes (the change in birth weight, low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth (PTB), small for gestational age (SGA), and stillbirth), a meta-analysis of 25 published observational epidemiological studies that met our selection criteria was conducted. Results suggested a 10 μg/m³increase in PM₂.₅was positively associated with LBW (odds ratio (OR) = 1.05; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.02–1.07), PTB (OR = 1.10; 95 % CI, 1.03–1.18), and SGA (OR = 1.15; 95 % CI, 1.10–1.20) based on entire pregnancy exposure, and pooled estimate of decrease in birth weight was 14.58 g (95 % CI, 9.86–19.31); however, there was no evidence of a statistically significant effect of per 10 μg/m³increase in PM₂.₅exposure on the risk of stillbirth (OR = 1.18; 95 % CI, 0.69–2.04). With respect to three different gestation periods, no significant risks were found in PTB, stillbirth, and the first trimester on the change of birth weight with a 10 μg/m³increase in PM₂.₅. In this study, a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the results show that PM₂.₅can increase the risk of LBW, PTB, and SGA; pregnant women need to take effective measures to reduce PM₂.₅exposure.
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