Role of beneficial microbial gene pool in mitigating salt/nutrient stress of plants in saline soil through underground phytostimulating signalling molecules: A review
2022
TIWARI, Shalini | SHARMA, Barkha | BISHT, Neha | TEWARI, Lakshmi
Soil salinity is becoming major global concern, diminishing soil health and reducing crop yields. Salinity stress is one of the primary stresses that leads to several other secondary stresses that restrict plant growth and soil fertility. The major secondary stresses induced in plants under saline-alkaline conditions include osmotic stress, nutrient limitation and ionic stress; all of which negatively impact overall plant growth. Under stressed conditions, certain beneficial soil microflora are known to have evolved phytostimulating mechanisms, such as the synthesis of osmoprotectants, siderophores, ACC deaminase activity, phosphate solubilization and hormone production; which enhance plant development and advancement while mitigating nutrient stress. Beneficial soil-borne bacterial species such as Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella and fungal strains such as Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Alternaria and Fusarium also aid in reducing salinity stress. Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) also assist in nutrient acquisition via both enzymatic and non-enzymatic processes. In the case of enzymatic processes, they produce different enzymes such as alkaline phosphatases and phytases, whereas non-enzymatic processes produce organic acids such as ascorbic acid, citric acis, malic acid and oxalic acids. The native halotolerant/ halophilic soil microbial gene pool with multifunctional traits and stress-induced gene expression can be developed as suitable bio-inoculants to enhance stress tolerance and optimize plant growth in saline soil.
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