Growing season and spatial variations of carbon fluxes of Arctic and boreal ecosystems in Alaska (USA)
2013
Ueyama, Masahito | Iwata, Hiroki | Harazono, Yoshinobu | Euskirchen, Eugénie S. | Oechel, Walter C. | Zona, Donatella
To better understand the spatial and temporal dynamics of CO₂ exchange between Arctic ecosystems and the atmosphere, we synthesized CO₂ flux data, measured in eight Arctic tundra and five boreal ecosystems across Alaska (USA) and identified growing season and spatial variations of the fluxes and environmental controlling factors. For the period examined, all of the boreal and seven of the eight Arctic tundra ecosystems acted as CO₂ sinks during the growing season. Seasonal patterns of the CO₂ fluxes were mostly determined by air temperature, except ecosystem respiration (RE) of tundra. For the tundra ecosystems, the spatial variation of gross primary productivity (GPP) and net CO₂ sink strength were explained by growing season length, whereas RE increased with growing degree days. For boreal ecosystems, the spatial variation of net CO₂ sink strength was mostly determined by recovery of GPP from fire disturbance. Satellite‐derived leaf area index (LAI) was a better index to explain the spatial variations of GPP and NEE of the ecosystems in Alaska than were the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI). Multiple regression models using growing degree days, growing season length, and satellite‐derived LAI explained much of the spatial variation in GPP and net CO₂ exchange among the tundra and boreal ecosystems. The high sensitivity of the sink strength to growing season length indicated that the tundra ecosystem could increase CO₂ sink strength under expected future warming, whereas ecosystem compositions associated with fire disturbance could play a major role in carbon release from boreal ecosystems.
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