Métabolisme du fer | Iron metabolism
2012
Loréal, Olivier | Bardou-Jacquet, Édouard | Island, Marie-Laure | Fatih, Nadia | Doyard, Mathilde | Detivaud, Lenaick | Brissot, Pierre
Iron is required for the biological activities of a large number of proteins and is therefore needed for cell life. However, iron in excess is toxic, mainly due to its ability to promote the appearance of oxygen reactive species. Therefore, iron metabolism must be strictly controlled. This control takes, firstly, place at the systemic level through the hepcidin-ferroportin couple. Hepcidin, a peptide secreted by hepatocytes, interacts with ferroportin which allows iron egress from enterocytes and macrophages, the main providers of iron for plasma. Therefore, hepcidin controls iron leakage and plasma iron bioavailability. Abnormal levels of hepcidin are involved in the development either or iron overload diseases or iron deficiency. Iron metabolism control takes place, secondly, within the cells, thanks to the iron regulatoty protein/iron responsive element system which coordinates levels of transferrin iron uptake and iron storage capacity, in order to avoid deleterious situations for cells. Understanding the mechanisms which control iron metabolism paves the road for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. For the later, it will be necessary to integrate benefits that could be associated with abnormalities of iron metabolism occurring during inflammation.
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