Synthesis of the First Poly(diaminosulfide)s and an Investigation of Their Applications as Drug Delivery Vehicles
2012
Yoo, Jun | D’Mello, Sheetal R. | Graf, Tyler | Salem, Aliasger K. | Bowden, Ned B.
This paper reports the first examples of poly(diaminosulfide)s that were synthesized by the reaction of a sulfur transfer reagent and several secondary diamines. The diaminosulfide group has the general structure of R₂N–S–NR₂, and although it has been used in the synthesis of small molecules, it has never been utilized in the synthesis of macromolecules until this report. A series of poly(diaminosulfide)s were synthesized at elevated temperatures, and the molecular weights of the polymers were as high as 12 400 g mol–¹ with conversions for the polymerization reaction up to 99%. The rate constants for the transamination reactions that lead to the polymers were measured in several solvents to provide an understanding of the reaction conditions necessary to polymerize the monomers. The degradation of diaminosulfides was studied in D₂O, C₆D₆, CD₃OD, CDCl₃, and DMSO-d₆/D₂O to demonstrate that they were very stable in organic solvents but degraded within hours under aqueous conditions. These results clearly demonstrated that diaminosulfides are very stable in organic solvents under ambient conditions. Poly(diaminosulfide)s have sufficient stabilities to be useful for many applications. The ability of these polymers to function as drug delivery vehicles was studied by the fabrication of nanoparticles of a water-insoluble poly(diaminosulfide) with a dye. The microparticles were readily absorbed into human embryonic 293 cells and possessed no measurable toxicity toward these same cells.
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