Retinoic acid--a review
1979
Ott, Dana B. | Lachance, Paul A.
Retinoic acid (RA) is now recognized as a metabolite of vitamin A, although its biochemical processes in the body are still being investigated. Two forms have been identified: 13-cis-RA as a metabolic product in the rat; and retinoyl-beta-glucuronide as a component of bile. RA is circulated via the portal vein, possibly bound to serum albumin. Possible metabolic pathways include sequential oxidative decarboxylation or intact molecule metabolism. There seems to be no storage of RA in animal tissue; it metabolizes very rapidly and its major excretory route is through the bile. It contributes to health and growth in animals, but is not involved in the visual or reproductive functions. Toxic responses are visible at dose levels above the optimum intake, and may include metabolic changes or tissue lesions. Pharmacological effects in various studies include effective treatment of acne, an antipsoriatic effect, cell alteration, increased osteoblastic activity and promotion of cartilage lysis.
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