3D printing of nanocellulose hydrogel scaffolds with tunable mechanical strength towards wound healing application
2018
XuThese authors contributed equally to the manuscript., Chunlin | Zhang Molino, Binbin | Wang, Xiaoju | Cheng, Fang | Xu, Wenyang | Molino, Paul | Bacher, Markus | Su, Dandan | Rosenau, Thomas | Willför, Stefan | Wallace, Gordon
We present for the first time approaches to 3D-printing of nanocellulose hydrogel scaffolds based on double crosslinking, first by in situ Ca²⁺ crosslinking and post-printing by chemical crosslinking with 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE). Scaffolds were successfully printed from 1% nanocellulose hydrogels, with their mechanical strength being tunable in the range of 3 to 8 kPa. Cell tests suggest that the 3D-printed and BDDE-crosslinked nanocellulose hydrogel scaffolds supported fibroblast cells’ proliferation, which was improving with increasing rigidity. These 3D-printed scaffolds render nanocellulose a new member of the family of promising support structures for crucial cellular processes during wound healing, regeneration and tissue repair.
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