Composition of fine particulate matter and risk of preterm birth: A nationwide birth cohort study in 336 Chinese cities
2022
He, Yuan | Jiang, Yixuan | Yang, Ying | Xu, Jihong | Zhang, Ya | Wang, Qiaomei | Shen, Haiping | Zhang, Yiping | Yan, Donghai | Peng, Zuoqi | Liu, Cong | Wang, Weidong | Schikowski, Tamara | Li, Huichu | Yan, Beizhan | Ji, John S. | Chen, Aimin | van Donkelaar, Aaron | Martin, Randall | Chen, Renjie | Kan, Haidong | Cai, Jing | Ma, Xu
Potential hazards of fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅) constituents on preterm birth (PTB) have rarely been explored in China. To quantify the associations of PM₂.₅ constituents with PTB. This study was based on a nationwide cohort of 3,723,169 live singleton births delivered between January 2010 and December 2015 in China. We applied satellite-based estimates of 5 PM₂.₅ constituents (organic carbon; black carbon; sulfate; ammonium; and nitrate). We used Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for individual covariates, temperature, humidity, and seasonality to evaluate the associations. During the entire pregnancy, each interquartile range (29 μg/m³) increase in PM₂.₅ concentrations was associated with a 7% increase in PTB risk [hazard ratio (HR): 1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07–1.08). We observed the largest effect estimates on carbonaceous components (HR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.08–1.10 for organic carbon and black carbon). Early pregnancy appeared to be the critical exposure window for most constituents. Women who were older, exposed to second-hand smoke, overweight or obese before pregnancy, conceived during winter, and living in northern China or rural areas were more susceptible. Carbonaceous components of PM₂.₅ were associated with higher PTB risk. Findings on characteristics of vulnerability underlined targeted protections on susceptible subgroups.
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