Prediction method for determining the carbon stable isotopic composition of berry sugars in the original must of Chardonnay wines
2022
Akamatsu, Fumikazu | Shimizu, Hideaki | Igi, Yukari | Kamada, Aya | Koyama, Kazuya | Yamada, Osamu | Goto-Yamamoto, Nami
The carbon stable isotopic composition, as indicated by the δ¹³C value, of wine ethanol is inherited from berry sugars, but little is known about the variation in sugar δ¹³C values of Japanese grapes relative to overseas grapes. This study found a large variation in sugar δ¹³C values of Chardonnay grapes grown in Japan (−27.2 ± 0.9‰, mean ± standard deviation, n = 33), with sugar δ¹³C values depending on the δ¹³C values and content of monosaccharides. After complete fermentation, the carbon isotope discrimination between berry sugars and wine ethanol was 1.5 ± 0.1‰. Ethanol δ¹³C values and carbon isotope discrimination enabled prediction of sugar δ¹³C values in the original must. Imported wines had higher sugar δ¹³C values than those of wines made from Japanese grapes, suggesting drier overseas viticulture conditions. The determination of sugar δ¹³C values in grape berries provides valuable information for viticulture and wine authentication.
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