Műtrágyázás hatása a tavaszi árpára karbonátos homoktalajon | The effect of fertilisation on spring barley on calcareous sandy soil
2009
Kádár, Imre
In 1996, the 26th year of our NPK fertilisation experiment established on Danube-Tisza mid-reion calcareous sandy soil, we examined the effect of fertilisation on the development, yield and element uptake of the spring barley cultivar ”Orbit”. The soil of the production site is poorly supplied with the main nutrients (N, P, K), the ploughed layer contains around 1% of CaCO ₃ and 1% humus. The subsoil is strongly calcareous, the clay content is 5–10%. Soil water level is 8–10 m, the area is drought sensitive. As for fertilisation, we applied calcium ammonium nitrate, superphosphate and potassium salt. The main conclusions that can be drawn from the experiment are the following: 1. During the 3.5 months long growing period of winter barley, the total amount of precipitation was 132 mm. The stand was weakly developing during the dry Spring, it did not tiller but shooted quickly. The number of ears per m ² was 130 on average, whereas its thousand grain mass was 30g. The straw and grain mass around 0.3 t ha ⁻¹ was doubled by the NPK fertilisation, therefore the maximum airdry biomass above the ground developed 1.5 t ha ₋₁. 2. Compared to the control treatment, NP fertilisation increased the amount of N, Ca, Mg, Na and Sr cations in straw, then the decrease of Ca, Mg, Na and Sr was obstacled as a result of the cation antagonism caused by K fertilisation. The relation between K and Ba indicated synergy, whereas that of K and B showed antagonism. The most examined elements in the small yield got enriched, drought resulted in a concentration effect in the case of N, K, Ca, Mg and P. 3. It was proven that NP fertilisation stimulated the accumulation of N, Ca, S, Sr and B in the grain. Again, Ba content increased with the growing degree of K supply and the uptake of other cations were repressed. Nevertheless, the concentration effect did not appear in the composition of grain yield, unlike in the case of straw. 4. The grain mainly got enriched in N, P, Zn and partially in S and Cu. The staw however, accumulated 1.5–2.0 times more K and Mg, 3–4 times more Fe, Mn, Na and B, 10–13 times more Ca, Ba, S and 23 times more Fe in its tissues, compared to the grain. 5. The so-called specific element content of the 1 t grain and its secondary yield was 35 kg N, 28 kg K, 12 kg Ca, 10 kg P (23 kg P ₂O ₅) and 6 kg Mg (10 kg MgO). The amount of N and K exceeded the values given in the Hungarian technical advices by 50%, whereas this extent was 150–200% in the case of P and Ca and 500% in the case of Mg. The specific values gained with a small yield within extreme conditions cannot provide real guidance when assessing the element need of the planned yield.
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