Lipidome analysis and metabolite profiling of fixed oils from selected spices
2022
Daga, Palak | Dalmia, Ayushi | Vaishnav, Salony Raghunath | Tumaney, Ajay W.
Fixed oils are potential treasures of various bioactive compounds. Here, we extracted fixed oils from spices, namely Cinnamomum cassia, Amomum subulatum, Punica granatum L., Papaver somniferum L., Elettaria cardamomum L., Tamarindus indica L., and Cinnamomum tamala, and studied their fatty acid and triacylglycerol (TAG) composition. It was observed that P. somniferum (47.09%) yielded the highest amount of fixed oil. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry profiling of the fixed oils showed the presence of oleic, linoleic, and palmitic acids. Lipidome analysis via high-resolution mass spectrometry confirmed large diversity of TAG molecular species ranging from C38:0 to C60:4. Further, the antioxidant potential and nutraceutical profile of fixed oils were studied by determining the phenolics, tocopherols, sterols, and squalene content through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Hydroxybenzoic acid, trans -cinnamic acid, p -coumaric, and kaempferol were the dominant phenolic compounds present in the studied fixed oils. HPLC confirmed the highest amounts of α-tocopherol in C. tamala (282.42 mg/100 g oil) and T. indica (251.89 mg/100 g oil) fixed oils. The β-sitosterol was the major sterol in all the studied fixed oils. The study enhances our understanding of lipids and secondary metabolites from fixed oils and paves way for its nutraceutical and industrial applications.
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