Towards a comprehensive analytical workflow for the chemical characterisation of organofluorine in consumer products and environmental samples
2020
Koch, Alina | Aro, Rudolf | Wang, Thanh | Yeung, Leo W.Y.
This review summarizes and discusses eight analytical methods for organofluorine (OF) analysis, which offer detection limits suitable for consumer products and environmental samples. Direct sample analysis of OF only applies to some techniques on consumer products, whereas others require sample pre-treatment or concentration before measurements. Comparison between methods for OF analysis were found to be difficult because of different selectivity (between OF and fluoride), sensitivity and type of samples (bulk, extract, surface) analysed. Neither inter-laboratory comparison on OF analysis nor suitable certified reference materials have been used for method validation, which makes data comparability between studies challenging. A top down approach for the comprehensive assessment of OF is proposed, where OF/extractable OF is first measured, followed by target analysis to obtain unquantifiable OF concentrations using the mass balance approach. For further identification of unquantifiable OF, approaches such as total oxidizable precursor assay, suspect and non-target screening are briefly discussed.
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