Effect of picking time on essential oil yield of ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata)
2011
Muchjajib, U. | Muchjajib, S.
The study was aimed at finding the optimal harvesting time for ylang-ylang flowers to maximize the essential oil yield. It was conducted at the Plant Science Department, Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Huntra Ayutthaya, Thailand from June 2008 to January 2010.There were 4 experiments: different times of picking and distilling; the different stages and sizes of the flowers. The results have shown that picking flowers at 8:00 am, 12:00 noon and 4:00 pm gave 0.42, 0.40 and 0.35% v/w respectively, while picking flowers at 8:00 am and the hydro-distilling process done at 9:00 am, 1:00 pm and 5:00 pm gave 0.45, 0.44, and 0.44% v/w. Yet when the distilling time was done at 9:00 am the following day, it resulted in a higher amount of essential oil with 0.67% v/w. It was obvious to see that the stages and sizes of flowers affected the essential oil yield. The percentage of essential oil yield from the immature green stage, the mature greenish-yellow stage and the ripe yellow stage were 0.25, 0.41 and 0.31% v/w. The large flowers (1.37×7.14 cm; 1.91 g/flower) gave the greatest amount of essential oil with 0.77% v/w whereas the medium flowers (1.20×5.87 cm; 1.56 g/flower) gave 0.47% v/w. The small flowers (1.18×5.08 cm, 1.10 g/flower) gave only 0.16% v/w. The main constituents of the ylang-ylang essential oil extracted from hydro-distillation method analysed by Gas chromatography/Mass spectrometry were as follows: geranyl acetate (18.28%), benzyl benzoate (14.42%), germacreneD (10.92%), trans-caryophyllene (10.71%), geraniol (8.44%) and eugenol (6.65%).
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