Photodegradation of emamectin benzoate and its influence on efficacy against the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis

Emamectin benzoate, a novel insecticide with characteristics of translaminar movement into plant leaf tissue, was derived from the avermectin family with improved thermal stability, greater water solubility and a broader spectrum of insecticidal activity than avermectin. To quantify UV photodegradation of emamectin benzoate, HPLC analysis was conducted to quantify residues of MAB1a, the major component in emamectin benzoate, after exposure to UV light for different lengths of time. Results showed both MAB1a concentration and length of UV light exposure (0–120 h) had significant impacts on photodegradation rate. The degradation rate increased as exposure duration increased, but decreased as initial MAB1a concentration increased. Four UV protectants, kojic acid, sodium ligninsulfonate, soybean lecithin and milk, were evaluated for their effect on UV degradation. Results showed that kojic acid could effectively reduce the photodegradation of MAB1a. In addition, the photodegradation of emamectin benzoate was also examined for its influence on the efficacy against the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis. The results of the bioassays were consistent with those of HPLC analysis. The initial concentration of emamectin benzoate and exposure duration to UV light both had significant influences on the efficacy against C. suppressalis. As the UV exposure time increased, the efficacy of emamectin benzoate against C. suppressalis decreased. The results indicated that UV photodegradation has a significant effect on the efficacy of emamectin benzoate against C. suppressalis and the effect is concentration-dependant. In addition to understanding the critical factor of UV exposure length, this study also showed that maintaining emamectin benzoate concentration above a certain level in the formulation and the application solution, and applying UV protectants may reduce photodegradation and increase efficacy against target pests.