Biological evaluation of the perspective for plum cultivar growing in South Russia
2002
Doroshenko, T.
One of the main problems of cultivar study in pomology is the conformity degree determination of biological cultivar samples peculiarities to natural climatic conditions of this or that region. In this connection the purpose of our research is the elaboration of early diagnostics methods of plum cultivars hardiness to frost and droughts and also the adaptation degree to temperature changes rhythm on the concrete area, which determinate their perspectiveness in the South of Russia. For solution of the given problems in 1998-2000 under the condition of the vegetation and field experiment (leached black soils) we studied the plum cultivars of different terms of maturing in home and foreign breeding: 'Kabardinskaya rannaya', 'Kubanskiy karlik', 'Prikubanskaya', 'Stanley', which were grafted on seedling rootstocks. We studied different physiological biochemical parameters of the grafted plants by generally accepted methods. The experiments were carried out three times. The possibility of an index use in the relation of the nucleic acids RNA/DNA in the top buds of annual growths as a diagnostic criterion of plum hardiness to early (November) and recurrent (in the second parts of winter after thaws) frosts was proved. Another important index of plum cultivars (hybrid) hardness to recurrent frosts is the change (increase) degree of fructose content in buds of annual plant growths in the phase of forced rest under the negative temperatures influence. The stability of exchange processes activity at plum plants under the condition of water shortage shows their drought-resistance. According to our observation at plum cultivars, capable of adaptation to heat regime of a certain region the character of genotype activity changes in different period of the year's cycle must coincide to dynamics of average monthly temperatures in the same terms. Under the given results the most perspective plum cultivars for growing in Kuban-side zone of horticulture are 'Kubanskiy karlik', 'Prikubanskaya', 'Stanley'.
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