Membrane-Targeted HrpNEa Can Modulate Apple Defense Gene Expression
2014
Vergne, E. | de Bernonville, T Dugé | Dupuis, F. | Sourice, S. | Cournol, R. | Berthelot, P. | Barny, M. A. | Brisset, M. N. | Chevreau, E.
Fire blight caused by Erwinia amylovora is the major bacterial disease of tribe Maleae, including apple. Among the proteins secreted by this bacterium, HrpNEₐ, also called harpin, is known to induce hypersensitive response in nonhost plants and to form amyloid oligomers leading to pore opening in the plasma membrane and alteration of membrane homeostasis. To better understand the physiological effects of HrpNEₐ in the host plant, we produced transgenic apple plants expressing HrpNEₐ with or without a secretion signal peptide (SP). HrpNEₐ expressed with a SP was found to be associated within the membrane fraction, in accordance with amyloidogenic properties and the presence of transmembrane domains revealed by in silico analysis. Expression analysis of 28 apple defense-related genes revealed gene modulations in the transgenic line expressing membrane-targeted HrpNEₐ. While apple transgenic trees displaying a high constitutive expression level of SP-HrpNEₐ showed a slight reduction of infection frequency after E. amylovora inoculation, there was no decrease in the disease severity. Thus HrpNEₐ seems to act as an elicitor of host defenses, when localized in the host membrane.
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