Drinking-water treatment, climate change, and childhood gastrointestinal illness projections for northern Wisconsin (USA) communities drinking untreated groundwater

Uejio, Christopher K.; Christenson, Megan; Moran, Colleen; Gorelick, Mark

Drinking-water treatment, climate change, and childhood gastrointestinal illness projections for northern Wisconsin (USA) communities drinking untreated groundwater | Traitement de l’eau potable, changement climatique, et projections des maladies gastro-intestinales chez l’enfant dans les collectivités du nord du Wisconsin (Etats-Unis d’Amérique) buvant de l’eau souterraine non traitée Tratamiento de agua potable, cambio climático y enfermedades gastrointestinales infantiles en las comunidades del norte de Wisconsin (EE.UU.) que beben agua subterránea no tratada 对(美国)威斯康星州北部社区饮用未处理的地下水进行的饮用水处理、气候变化及童年胃肠疾病的预测 Projeções de tratamento de água para consumo, mudança climática e doenças gastrointestinais em comunidades do Norte de Winsconsin (EUA) consumindo água subterrânea não tratada

2017

Uejio, Christopher K. | Christenson, Megan | Moran, Colleen | Gorelick, Mark

This study examined the relative importance of climate change and drinking-water treatment for gastrointestinal illness incidence in children (age <5 years) from period 2046–2065 compared to 1991–2010. The northern Wisconsin (USA) study focused on municipalities distributing untreated groundwater. A time-series analysis first quantified the observed (1991–2010) precipitation and gastrointestinal illness associations after controlling for seasonality and temporal trends. Precipitation likely transported pathogens into drinking-water sources or into leaking water-distribution networks. Building on observed relationships, the second analysis projected how climate change and drinking-water treatment installation may alter gastrointestinal illness incidence. Future precipitation values were modeled by 13 global climate models and three greenhouse-gas emissions levels. The second analysis was rerun using three pathways: (1) only climate change, (2) climate change and the same slow pace of treatment installation observed over 1991–2010, and (3) climate change and the rapid rate of installation observed over 2011–2016. The results illustrate the risks that climate change presents to small rural groundwater municipalities without drinking water treatment. Climate-change-related seasonal precipitation changes will marginally increase the gastrointestinal illness incidence rate (mean: ∼1.5%, range: −3.6–4.3%). A slow pace of treatment installation somewhat decreased precipitation-associated gastrointestinal illness incidence (mean: ∼3.0%, range: 0.2–7.8%) in spite of climate change. The rapid treatment installation rate largely decreases the gastrointestinal illness incidence (mean: ∼82.0%, range: 82.0–83.0%).

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