Pharmacological Activities of Cilantroʼs Aliphatic Aldehydes against Leishmania donovani
2014
Donega, Mateus A. | Mello, Simone C. | Moraes, Rita M. | Jain, Surendra K. | Tekwani, Babu L. | Cantrell, Charles L.
Leishmaniasis is a chronic infectious disease caused by different Leishmania species. Global occurrences of this disease are primarily limited to tropical and subtropical regions. Treatments are available; however, patients complain of side effects. Different species of plants have been screened as a potential source of new drugs against leishmaniasis. In this study, we investigated the antileishmanial activity of cilantro (Coriandrum sativum) essential oil and its main components: (E)-2-undecenal, (E)-2-decenal, (E)-2-dodecenal, decanal, dodecanal, and tetradecanal. The essential oil of C. sativum leaves inhibits growth of Leishmani donovani promastigotes in culture with an IC(50) of 26.58 ± 6.11 μg/mL. The aliphatic aldehydes (E)-2-decenal (7.85 ± 0.28 μg/mL), (E)-2-undecenal (2.81 ± 0.21 μg/mL), and (E)-2-dodecenal (4.35 ± 0.15 μg/mL), all isolated from C. sativum essential oil, are effective inhibitors of in vitro cultures of L. donovani promastigotes. Aldehydes (E)-2-decenal, (E)-2-undecenal,and (E)-2-dodecenal were also evaluated against axenic amastigotes and IC(50) values were determined to be 2.47 ± 0.25 μg/mL, 1.25 ± 0.11 μg/mL, and 4.78 ± 1.12 μg/mL, respectively. (E)-2-Undecenal and (E)-2-dodecenal emonstrated IC(50) values of 5.65 ± 0.19 μg/mL and 9.60 ± 0.89 μg/mL, respectively, against macrophage amastigotes. These cilantro compounds showed no cytotoxicity against THP-1 macrophages.
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