Immunogenetic characteristics of the gene pool Kakhetian pigs and dynamics of population parameters during several generations
1991
Mitichashvili, R.S. | Tikhonov, V.N. | Bobovich, V.E.
Some characteristics of the gene pool and dynamics of population parameters of the oldest breed of pigs in Europe (Kakhetian, Georgian) over a period of 18 years (10 generations) were studied. Using the codominant polyallelic E blood group system the genetic uniqueness of the population of this aboriginal breed was established under conditions of strong pressure of natural and relatively weak pressure of artificial selection. Significant (qualitative and quantitative) differences between the Kakhetian breed of pigs and all European subspecies of the wild boar and domestic pigs of cultivated breeds were found. The Kakhetian breed has very great similarity in its morphological, physiological, and behavioral characteristics to the wild boar. However, the hypothesis regarding its origin solely through direct domestication of the Romanian (Caucasian) boar is ruled out by the alleles found in them, which are never found in the European boar. The results of the comparative study of characteristics of the Kakhetian and other domesticated and wild forms of pigs, taken together, suggest that the appearance of some alleles of East Asian origin in the gene pool of the Kakhetian breed is due to definite participation of the Large White and Mangalica breeds in their phylogeny, which in turn, received these alleles as a result of two waves of importation of pigs from South-East Asia into Europe (on the eve of the first century A.D. and about 150-200 years before), as is indirectly confirmed by the historical-zootechnical data.
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