N2O profiles in the enhanced CANON process via long-term N2H4 addition: minimized N2O production and the influence of exogenous N2H4 on N2O sources
2020
Xiao, Pengying | Ai, Shuo | Zhou, Jing | Luo, Xiaojing | Kang, Baowen | Feng, Li | Zhao, Tiantao
Production of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N₂O) from the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process is of growing concern. In this study, the effect of added hydrazine (N₂H₄) on N₂O production during the CANON process was investigated. Long-term trace N₂H₄ addition minimized N₂O production (0.018% ± 0.013% per unit total nitrogen removed) and maintaining high nitrogen removal capacity of CANON process (nitrogen removal rate and TN removal efficiency was 450 ± 60 mg N/L/day and 71 ± 8%, respectively). Ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) was the main N₂O producer. AOB activity inhibition by N₂H₄ decreased N₂O production during aeration, and the N₂H₄ concentration was negatively correlated with N₂O production rate in NH₄⁺ oxidation via AOB, whereas N₂O production was facilitated under anaerobic conditions because hydroxylamine (NH₂OH) production was accelerated due to anammox bacteria (AnAOB) activity strengthen via N₂H₄. Added N₂H₄ completely degraded in the initial aeration phases of the CANON SBR, during which some N₂H₄ intensified anammox for total nitrogen removal to eliminate N₂O production from nitrifier denitrification (ND) by anammox-associated, while the remaining N₂H₄ competed with NH₂OH for hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (HAO) in AOB to inhibit intermediates formation that result in N₂O production via NH₂OH oxidation (HO) pathway, consequently decreasing total N₂O production.
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