Temperature effects on the developmental and number of annual generations of the loquat psyllid, Cacopsylla biwa (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)
2021
Kaneda, Takemichi | Nakanishi, Tomoaki | Abe, Naruhito
Here, we reared the loquat psyllid, Cacopsylla biwa Inoue (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) at different temperatures to examine the effects of temperature on their development. Cacopsylla biwa successfully developed in the 10–25 °C range, and the optimal temperature range from oviposition to adult emergence was 10–20 °C. The developmental zero (T₀) and effective accumulative temperature (k) for the development of eggs and oviposition to adult emergence were 7.0 °C and 127°-days, and 6.5 °C and 521°-days, respectively. Based on these values, the number of annual generations of C. biwa in Tokushima prefecture in the 2016–2017 was estimated to be 7 without reproductive diapause, developmental delay due to high temperatures, and pre-oviposition period. We also conducted a field study to monitor the occurrence of C. biwa adult using yellow sticky traps. During the occurrence period of the 3rd–6th generations after summer diapause, the data estimated laboratory experiments were consistent with the observed data in the field. However, the occurrence periods of the 1st–2nd generation and the 7th generation could not be confirmed owing to unclear peaks of caught adults. Based on the findings of our rearing experiments, the low density observed in the field may have been due to developmental delays caused by high temperatures.
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