Relating Tree Ring Chemistry of Pinus densiflora to Precipitation Acidity in an Industrial Area of South Korea
2009
Kwak, Jin-Hyeob | Im, Sang-sŏn | Park, Hyun Jung | Lee, Sun-Il | Lee, Kye-Han | Kim, Han-yŏng | Chang, Scott X. | Lee, Sang-Mo | Ro, Hee-Myong | Choi, Woo-Jung
To test the possible use of tree ring chemical properties as proxies for precipitation acidity ([H⁺]), we investigated the relationships between tree ring chemistry (δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, Ca-to-Al ratio, and N concentration) of Pinus densiflora and precipitation [H⁺] between 1992 and 2005 in an industrial area in the southwest region of South Korea. Statistical analyses showed that all tree ring chemistry parameters were significantly correlated with precipitation [H⁺]. Tree ring δ¹³C was negatively correlated with precipitation acidity (r = -0.67, P < 0.01), reflecting the photosynthetic fixation of ¹³C-depleted CO₂ from fossil fuel combustion that would be the primary source of precipitation acidity. A positive correlation of N concentration (r = 0.89, P < 0.001) and a negative correlation of δ¹⁵N (r = -0.63, P < 0.05) in tree rings with precipitation acidity most likely reflected the influence of ¹⁵N-depleted N compounds deposited via precipitation. The Ca-to-Al ratio was negatively (r = -0.58, P < 0.05) correlated with precipitation acidity, indicating that soil acidification caused the loss of Ca from the soil and solubilization of Al resulting from acid precipitation. Such relationships suggest that δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, N concentration, and Ca-to-Al ratio in tree rings can be reliably used to evaluate the impact of acid precipitation on the studied P. densiflora stands.
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