Improved soil fumigation by Telone C35 using carbonation
2011
Thomas, J. E. | Ou, L. T. | Allen, L. H. | Vu, J. C. | Dickson, D. W.
Soil fumigation to control pests and pathogens is an important part of current agricultural practice. A reduction in fumigant emissions is required to ensure worker safety and environment health. A field trial in Florida was conducted to investigate whether carbonating Telone C35™ ((Z)- and (E)-1,3-dichloropropene with 35 % chloropicrin) would improve the delivery of the fumigant to such an extent that the application rate could be decreased without sacrificing efficacy. All treatments were carried out in three replications in a complete block design. The use of carbon dioxide (CO₂) to carbonate and pressurize Telone C35 provided quicker and deeper distribution initially compared to application by nitrogen gas (N₂) pressurization. The deeper distribution of Telone C35 components found with CO₂ application may have lowered the initial concentration of Telone C35, but it did not appreciably alter the disappearance rate of the three chemicals, chloropicrin, (Z)- and (E)-1,3-dichloropropene. The faster vertical distribution within the bedded soil of the Telone C35 by CO₂ did enhance volatilization of the active ingredients into the atmosphere compared to volatilization of similar reduced rate applied by N₂ pressurization. However, the cumulative amount volatilized from the carbonated fumigant beds at 75 % application rate was lower than the cumulative amount emitted by full rate of Telone C35 using N₂. The efficacy of the carbonated Telone C35 at a lower application rate was statistically equivalent to that of non-carbonated fumigant using N₂ pressurized injection at a higher application rate, based on weed enumeration and the root-knot nematode galling index.
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