Fast water infiltration: a mechanism for fracture formation during land subsidence | Infiltration d’eau rapide: un mécanisme de formation de fracture au cours d’une subsidence de terrain Infiltración rápida de agua: un mecanismo para la formación de fracturas durante la subsidencia del terreno Infiltração rápida de água: um mecanismo para a formação de fraturas durante a subsidência de terreno
2013
Martinez, Isaac | Hinkelmann, Reinhard | Savidis, Stavros
A mechanism for fracture generation and for triggering land subsidence is presented. Infiltration through a pre-existing fracture zone into a two-layered system, as well as the deformation of unconsolidated sediments on the land surface, was numerically investigated. The numerical simulation of infiltration is based on a two-phase flow-model concept for porous media, and for the deformation, it is based on a Mohr-Coulomb model concept. Different studies with variations of the fracture parameter and infiltration conditions have been carried out. The infiltration results show that fast infiltration in a partially saturated aquifer leads to land subsidence, extension of pre-existing fractured zones and the generation of new cracks. If the water column is only on the fracture, the clay layer acts like a barrier and inhibits the infiltration through the fracture. If the water column covers the entire surface, the barrier effect is overcome; the infiltration intensity depends on the height of the water column, the fracture permeability and the fracture width. The deformation results show that a strong rainfall event of 2 h leads to deformations that are about 30 % of the vertical and 70 % of the horizontal annual land-subsidence rates.
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