Advanced composting technology for using bio-waste in South East Asia
2012
Bohme, M.H. | Lê, Hà
Sustainable vegetable cultivation requires the stabilization of soil fertility through regular supply of organic fertilizers. In many tropical and subtropical countries there is a lack of organic fertilizers although there are many sources of biodegradable waste material. In many South-East Asian countries dung or straw manure is used but not enough in order to supply the plants with nutrients and to improve the soil fertility. Following our investigations, the supply of NPK is realized in Germany with about 40% by use of compost and in Vietnam with 1% only. Therefore, new organic sources are required and new technologies have to be developed in order to increase the amount of organic fertilizers. Composting is one possibility for sustainable use of organic wastes from farms, households in the communes and food industry. The available bio-wastes, e.g., sugar cane bagasse, sugar cane and banana leaves, wheat straw and wood shavings, however, have high content of cellulose and lignin. Microorganisms were added to sugar cane bagasse before composting, as Aspergillus spec., Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma reesei QM., Gloeophyllum sepiarium Karsten, Phanerochaete chrysosporium Burdsall, Cellulomonas uda Bergey, Streptomyces cellulosae, Bacillus subtilis and a mix of all 8 microorganisms, in order to enhance decomposition of such materials. The effect of 30% bio-waste added to green compost was also investigated. Temperature development, decomposition rate, pH and EC values, the C:N ratio and the compost quality were analysed. In all variants with adding microorganisms, the decomposition rate was enhanced considerably and the compost quality was improved in comparison to the control. The compost of all variants had good phytosanitary characteristics (toxicity rate) as well as physical and chemical properties. The compost was tested for growing the leafy cabbage Choy Sum (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis) and all variants showed better development than the control. The mix of all microorganisms could be recommended for composting of other bio-wastes with high cellulose and lignin content too.
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