Interactions du dioxyde de titane alimentaire avec l’axe microbiote-système immunitaire : un nouvel acteur dans le développement de désordres métaboliques ?
2022
Lamas, Bruno | Evariste, Lauris | Houdeau, Eric
The growing use of nanomaterials in the agro-food sector results in chronic exposure of the gastrointestinal tract to inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) often with biocidal properties. Among them, titanium dioxide (TiO₂) particles used as food additive (E171 in EU) could alter the composition and the activity of the intestinal microbiota with consequences on the immune response. Reciprocally, direct interactions of TiO₂ with the intestinal immune cells could modulate the microbiota. Alterations of the microbiota-immune system axis are associated with many chronic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. Thus, chronic exposure to food-grade TiO₂ raises the question of whether these inorganic NPs could induce or aggravate these diseases. In this review, the interactions between TiO₂, the microbiota and the immune system are detailed and compared to the alterations of the microbiota and the intestinal inflammation observed in obese or diabetic patients. This comparison allows to identify potentials new mechanisms along the microbiota-immune system axis by which the TiO₂ could contribute to the development of metabolic disorders.
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