Plant oils in the fight against the West Nile Vector, Culex pipiens
2022
Baz, Mohamed M | Selim, Abdelfattah M | Radwan, Ibrahim T | Khater, Hanem F
Controlling mosquitoes naturally and safely to avoid mosquito-borne diseases is an urgent need. Plant oils are a promising source for mosquito control. The larvicidal effects of 18 oils were evaluated against the early 4ᵗʰ larvae, Culex pipiens. All oils showed larvicidal activity (55 to 100%, 24 h post-treatment with 2000 ppm for 24 h). The efficacy of oils was classified as the highly effective group (H group) inducing 95-100% mortalities, including six oils: Azadirachta indica, Cyperus alternifolius, Lupinus luteus, Lactuca sativa, M. alternifolia, and Persea americana (MO% = 98.33, 100, 98.33, 98.33, 100, and 95%, respectively). Their LC₅₀ values were 588.31, 496.96, 677.45, 611.60, 445.28, and 646.34 ppm, respectively; whereas their LC₉₉ values were 1601.14, 1331.06, 1953.29, 1667.27, 1342.56, and 1725.94 ppm, respectively. The moderately effective group (83-93% mortalities) included Syzygium aromaticum, Capsicum annuum, Aloe vera, Nigella sativa, Phyllanthus emblica, Citrullus colocynthis, Daucus carota, Carthamus glaucus, Ocimum basilicum, and Triticum aestivum. Their LC₅₀ values ranged from 762.39 (S. aromaticum) to 1043.59 ppm (T. aestivum). The least effective group included P. armeniaca (55%) and Allium cepa (78%). The novel larvicidal activity of seven oils (C. glaucus, C. alternifolius, D. carota, L. sativa, M. alternifolia, P. armeniaca and T. aestivum) against larvae of Cx. pipiens was reported for the first time in this investigation. Our findings demonstrate the potential of M. alternifolia, and C. alternifolius followed by A. indica, L. luteus, or L. sativa as the most potent larvicides that could be used for integrated mosquito control programs.
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