A resin cyanoacrylate nanoparticle as an acute cell death inducer to broad spectrum of microalgae
2021
Al-Azab, Ayat J.S. | Widyaningrum, Dwiyantari | Hirakawa, Haruna | Hayashi, Yashuko | Tanaka, Satoshi | Ohama, Takeshi
We examined the potency of resin nanoparticles (NPs) to induce cell mortality in diverse non-green algal species (e.g., species in SAR and Hacrobia clades) and the difference in sensitivity to NPs among the species. In total, 18 non-green algal species were co-incubated with laboratory-prepared NPs (mean diameter, 180 nm) composed of poly (isobutylcyanoacrylate) resin NPs (iBCA-NPs).Exposure to 100 mg L⁻¹ iBCA-NPs for 24 h induced cell death in two of three Bacillariophyceae species, all three Cryptophyceae species, four of six Dinophyta species, three of four Haptophyta strains, and all three Raphidophyceae species. However, exposure at an increased concentration of 1 g L⁻¹ induced cell death in all the examined species. Observation of NP trails showed that they occasionally collided with the cells and bounced off but did not adhere to the cell surface. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine substantially delayed cell death induction. This finding strongly suggests that ROS generation is a direct cause of induced cell death.The cells of Raphidophyceae species that lack covering structures and a Haptophyta strain bearing no coccoliths were more sensitive than species bearing covering structures. Moreover, iBCA-NPs pre-coated with bovine serum albumin or skim milk had severely reduced cell death-inducing potency. We propose a hypothetical mechanism of cell death induction by iBCA-NPs in a wide range of algal species, focusing on cell covering structures and ROS generation.
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