Continuous removal of pharmaceutical drug chloroquine and Safranin-O dye from water using agar-graphene oxide hydrogel: Selective adsorption in batch and fixed-bed experiments
2023
Bezerra de Araujo, Caroline Maria | Wernke, Gessica | Ghislandi, Marcos Gomes | Diório, Alexandre | Vieira, Marcelo Fernandes | Bergamasco, Rosângela | Alves da Motta Sobrinho, Maurício | Rodrigues, Alírio Egídio
In this work, Chloroquine diphosphate, and the cationic dye Safranin-O were selectively removed from water using the agar-graphene oxide (A-GO) hydrogel, produced via simple one-step jellification process. The morphology of the A-GO biocomposite was characterized and batch experiments were performed, with adsorption isotherms satisfactorily fitting (R² > 0.98) Sips (Safranin-O) and Freundlich (Chloroquine) isotherms. Driving force models and Fick's diffusion equation were applied to the modeling of kinetic data, and a satisfactory fit was obtained. Selective adsorption carried out in batch indicated that competitive adsorption occurs when both components are mixed in water solution - the adsorptive capacities dropped ∼10 mg g⁻¹ for each component, remaining 41 mg g⁻¹ for safranin-O and 31 mg g⁻¹ for chloroquine. Fixed-bed breakthrough curves obtained in an adsorption column showed adsorption capacities over 63 mg g⁻¹ and 100 mg g⁻¹ for chloroquine and safranin-O, respectively, also exhibiting outstanding regenerative potentials. Overall, the biocomposite produced using graphene oxide proved to be a viable and eco-friendly alternative to continuously remove both contaminants from water.
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