Hydrogen-Stimulated Carbon Acquisition and Conservation in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium
2011
Lamichhane-Khadka, Reena | Frye, Jonathan G. | Porwollik, Steffen | McClelland, Michael | Maier, Robert J.
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium can utilize molecular hydrogen for growth and amino acid transport during anaerobic growth. Via microarray we identified H2 gas-affected gene expression changes in SALMONELLA: The addition of H2 caused altered expression of 597 genes, of which 176 genes were upregulated and 421 were downregulated. The significantly H2-upregulated genes include those that encode proteins involved in the transport of iron, manganese, amino acids, nucleosides, and sugars. Genes encoding isocitrate lyase (aceA) and malate synthase (aceB), both involved in the carbon conserving glyoxylate pathway, and genes encoding the enzymes of the D-glucarate and D-glycerate pathways (gudT, gudD, garR, garL, garK) are significantly upregulated by H2. Cells grown with H2 showed markedly increased AceA enzyme activity compared to cells without H2. Mutant strains with deletion of either aceA or aceB had reduced H2-dependent growth rates. Genes encoding the glutamine-specific transporters (glnH, glnP, glnQ) were upregulated by H2, and cells grown with H2 showed increased [14C]glutamine uptake. Similarly, the mannose uptake system genes (manX, manY) were upregulated by H2, and cells grown with H2 showed about 2.0-fold-increased [14C]D-mannose uptake compared to the cells grown without H2. Hydrogen stimulates the expression of genes involved in nutrient and carbon acquisition and carbon-conserving pathways, linking carbon and energy metabolism to sustain H2-dependent growth.
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