Statistical optimization of B. subtilis MK775302 milk clotting enzyme production using agro-industrial residues, enzyme characterization and application in cheese manufacture
2020
Wehaidy, Hala R. | Abdel Wahab, Walaa A. | Kholif, Adel M.M. | Elaaser, Mostafa | Bahgaat, Wafaa K. | Abdel-Naby, Mohamed A.
The agricultural and industrial wastes are environmental pollutants. So, there is an increasing demand for more efficient exploitation of these wastes and their conversion into useful products. Recently, the limited availability of calf rennet led to a search for rennet substitutes for cheese manufacture. In this study, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis strain 168 (B. subtilis MK775302) was isolated from the marine sponge Pseudoceratina Arabica and it was used for milk clotting enzyme (MCE) production using some agro-industrial wastes. The production medium containing agro-industrial residues was optimized by using Plackett-Burman (PB) and central composite designs (CCD). After optimization, the MCE productivity was increased by 2.3-fold compared to the non-optimized medium. The enzyme showed maximum activity at 70 °C, pH 5.0. Ultrafilterated (UF) white soft cheese production was studied by using the crude extract of B. subtilis MK775302 in a comparison with commercial rennet. The cheese produced by the crude extract of B. subtilis MK775302 had a higher ripening index, higher acidity, higher flavor intensity, and acceptable organoleptic score. Therefore, this study offered the production of a promising rennet substitute that is eco-friendly with low production costs and competes with the commercial coagulants for the production of acceptable UF white soft cheese.
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