Extraction and quantification of metal-containing nanoparticles in marine shellfish based on single particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry technique
2022
Sun, Yuan | Yang, Yi | Tou, Fei-Yun | Niu, Zuo-Shun | Guo, Xing-Pan | Liu, Chang | Yan, Jia | Wu, Jia-Yuan | Xu, Miao | Hou, Li-Jun | Liu, Min
Quantitative characterization of nanoparticles (NPs) in marine shellfish is critical to understanding the risks of bio-accumulation. Based on single particle (sp)ICP-MS and electron microscopy, a standardized protocol was developed to extract Ag, Au, and indigenous Ti-containing NPs from mussels. The optimal parameters are: dry sample extraction with tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), 5% (v/v) final concentration of TMAH, extraction at 25 ℃ for 12 h, and separation by centrifugation (3000 rpm for 5 min). The particle number recoveries of spiked Ag and Au NPs were 88 ± 0.9% and 95 ± 1.1%, respectively, while Ti-containing NPs had a particle number concentration of 8.2 × 10⁶ particles/mg and an average size of 70 nm in tested mussels. Furthermore, titanium oxide NPs, including rutile, anatase, and Magnéli phases (TiₓO₂ₓ₋₁) were found ubiquitously in 10 shellfish based on the optimal method. The particle number concentrations and average sizes of the Ti-containing NPs were 2.1 × 10⁶–8.4 × 10⁶ particles/mg and 70–80 nm, respectively. These Ti-containing NPs, such as TiO₂, accounted for about half of the Ti mass in shellfish, indicating that marine shellfish may be a significant sink for Ti-containing NPs.
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