Relationship of sonic resonant frequency to compression tests and Magness-Taylor firmness of apples during refrigerated storage
1994
Abbott, J.A. | Liljedahl, L.A.
Apple growers and packers need to measure the firmness of their fruit to make management decisions, preferably using nondestructive measurements so the tested apples remain marketable. 'Delicious', 'Golden Delicious', and 'York Imperial' apples from Pennsylvania were stored at 0 degrees C in air for 0 to 8 months. The sonic transmission power spectrum, compression force/deformation (F/D) curves, and Magness-Taylor (MT) firmness were recorded after storage. Resonant frequencies were determined from sonic data and used to calculate stiffness coefficients. Resonant frequencies, stiffness coefficients, compression measurements, and MT firmness decreased during storage. Resonant frequencies and stiffness coefficients were most highly correlated with compression slope, then area, then maximum force. Correlation coefficients decreased progressively from 'Golden Delicious' to 'Delicious' to 'York Imperial' apples, the same progression as their deviation from spherical symmetry and their characteristic extent of textural change during ripening and storage.
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