Nitrogén, réz és molibdén kölcsönhatások repcére (Brassica napus L.) | Interactions between nitrogen, copper and molybdenum treatments on rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
2017
Kádár, Imre
Interactions between the elements N, Cu and Mo were studied on rape in 2000 in a field experiment set up on chernozem loam soil with lime deposits. The ploughed layer of the soil contained 3% humus, around 5% CaCO3 and around 20% clay. Soil analysis showed that the area was well supplied with Ca, Mg, K and Mn, had satisfactory Cu content, but was only poorly or moderately supplied with P and Zn. The groundwater depth was 13–15 m and the area was prone to drought. The experiment was originally set up in a split-plot design with 4N × 3Cu = 12 treatments in three replications, giving a total of 36 plots. The N rates, applied as calcium ammonium nitrate, were 0, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha−1 and the Cu rates, in the form of CuSO4, were 0, 50 and 100 kg ha−1. In the 5th year of the experiment the 15 m long plots were halved and the two half-plots were separated by a 1 m path. The experiment thus became a strip-split-plot design, consisting of 4N×3Cu×2Mo = 24 treatments in three replications, giving a total of 72 plots. The 48 kg ha−1 Mo was applied in the form of (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O. The generative phases of flowering and ripening were characterized by drought and depression. The main results were as follows: As a result of N fertilization, the seed yield fell from 2 t ha−1 to 0.8 t ha−1. However, the stem yield increased from 5 t ha−1 to 8 t ha−1 due to the more favourable N effects in the vegetative phase. As a result, the harvest index increased from 4.6 to 13.0. Most of the element contents became concentrated and enriched in the plant parts. The concentrations of Na, Fe, Mn and Zn increased with the N supply, whereas that of Ba decreased in the straw at harvest. Both N and Cu addition stimulated the incorporation of Cu in the straw. The phenomenon of N×Mo synergy was observed. N and Mo became enriched in the stem in both the N and Mo treatments. This N×Mo interaction was also manifested in the seed. Higher contents of N, P, Mg, Zn, Cu, Mo, Se and Co were recorded in the seed at harvest, exceeding the concentrations in the straw. A total of 206 kg N, 172 kg Ca, 142 kg K, 78 kg S, 39 kg P and 32 kg Mg was incorporated into the aboveground biomass of rapeseed, i.e. 10.4 t ha−1 air-dry matter. In the case of combine harvesting, if the by-products are ploughed into the soil, the quantity of nutrients leaving the field falls to a fraction. Under the conditions of this experiment, 40 kg N, 5 kg Ca (7 kg CaO), 14 kg K (17 kg K2O), 10 kg S, 12 kg P (27 kg P2O5) and 5 kg Mg (8 kg MgO) was required for the production of 1 t rapeseed. These data could serve as a guideline for the extension service in establishing the nutritional needs of winter rapeseed.
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