Biomonitoring the genotoxic effects of pollutants on Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D.R. Hunt in Dourados, Brazil

PURPOSE: This study aimed to associate the intensity of vehicular traffic in the city of Dourados (Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil) with mutagenic effects and alterations in leaf physiology as measured by the quantity of micronuclei and the leaf surface parameters of Tradescantia pallida. METHODS: Five collections of inflorescences were undertaken for 24 weeks to determine the quantities of micronuclei using the Tradescantia Micronuclei (Trad-MCN) bioassay. Leaf surface parameters, including stomatal index (SI), stomatal density, and the size of the stomatal ostiole opening size (SO), were evaluated in addition to Trad-MCN. Collections were made at four sampling points with different vehicular traffic intensities. Statistical analyses were performed with SAS software using the Tukey’s and Kruskal–Wallis test. Additionally, associations of the characteristics were verified using Pearson’s simple correlation analysis. RESULTS: Significant effects were observed with the Trad-MCN bioassay (p < 0.01) that were related to the collection period and location, as well as significant differences (p < 0.05) for the effects of the collection points using the Kruskal–Wallis test. In general, the locations with greatest vehicular traffic had plants with the greatest stomatal density values. The characteristics SI and SO did not demonstrate significant differences (p > 0.05) in relation to the collection sites. The simple correlation analysis demonstrated a negative association (−0.65) between SI and Trad-MCN (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Plants growing in localities with more intense vehicular traffic had greater quantities of micronuclei as well as higher frequencies and average numbers of stomata than localities with less traffic, indicating the presence of atmospheric contaminants that damaged their DNA.