Solar-driven photocatalytic treatment as sustainable strategy to remove pesticide residues from leaching water
2020
Aliste, Marina | Pérez-Lucas, Gabriel | Vela, Nuria | Garrido, Isabel | Fenoll, José | Navarro, Simón
We have demonstrated the potential leaching of eight compounds, one insecticide (flonicamid) and seven fungicides (myclobutanil, penconazole, boscalid, difenoconazole, trifloxystrobin, pyraclostrobin and fenpyroximate) trough a typical Mediterranean soil (Calcaric regosol). The concentrations found in leaching water were in all cases above the limit set by the EU in groundwater (0.1 μg L⁻¹). For this, the efficiency of different homogeneous (photo-Fenton and photo-Fenton-like) and heterogeneous (ZnO and TiO₂) photocatalytic systems was tested in deionized water to choose the most appropriate treatment to remove pesticide residues from leaching water. The efficiency was in the order: ZnO + S₂O₈²⁻ (pH 7) > TiO₂+ S₂O₈²⁻ (pH 7) > ZnO (pH 7) > TiO₂ (pH 7) > Fe³⁺ (pH 3) > Fe³⁺ (pH 5) > Fe²⁺ (pH 3) > Fe²⁺ (pH 5). Thus, in the subsequent experiment we focus on the efficacy of solar heterogeneous photocatalysis (ZnO/Na₂S₂O₈ and TiO₂/ Na₂S₂O₈) on their removal from leaching water. A fast removal was observed for all pesticides at the end of the photoperiod, noticeably higher in the case of ZnO system, with the exception of flonicamid, a recalcitrant pesticide where the degradation rate only reached about 20% after 240 min of solar exposure. Although the mineralisation of the initial dissolved organic carbon was not complete due to the presence of interfering substances in the leaching water, the conversion rate under ZnO/Na₂S₂O₈ treatment was about 1.3 times higher than using TiO₂/Na₂S₂O₈.
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