Preparation and characterization of new ionic liquid forms of 2,4-DP herbicide
2017
Niemczak, Michał | Biedziak, Agnieszka | Czerniak, Kamil | Marcinkowska, Katarzyna
In this study, a series of new 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionate-based herbicidal ionic liquids (HILs), incorporating well-known, commercially available tetraalkylammonium cations, were synthesized in high yield (≥89%) via a simple two-step procedure. Generally, at room temperature, the products comprising at least one long alkyl substituent in the cation were viscous liquids. All the synthesized salts maintained biological activity against the selected dicotyledonous weeds (common lambsquarters and cornflower). Among the tested salts, the HILs with dodecyltrimethylammonium, trimethyl(tetradecyl)ammonium and trimethyl(octadecyl)ammonium cations were characterized by the highest herbicidal efficacy against both plants. The spray solutions of the prepared HILs revealed their good surface-activation and wetting properties (contact angle = 43–63° and surface tension = 27–29 mN m⁻¹), justifying an enhancement of the biological activity caused by the facilitated penetration of the active substance into the interior of the plant. The values of the octanol–water partition coefficient of the new salts indicate their low potential for bioaccumulation in the soil.
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